0000026055 00000 n Affect. Psychol. (2009) measured spontaneous eye-blink rates (EBR) as a marker of central DA functioning in a stop signal task. The interplay between spontaneous and controlled processing in creative cognition. On the link between creativity and bipolarity, researchers aimed at dissecting principal components of mania showing that feeling creative is usually told by patients with bipolar disorders (Cassano et al., 2009; Mula et al., 2016). Meta-analytic evidence from neuroimaging studies of domain-specific creativity. Creativity 101. The differential effect of increased arousal on creative and intellectual performance. 34 The neuromodulatory pathways include the noradrenergic (NE), the dopaminergic (DA) and the serotonergic (5-HT) pathways. J. Pers. PLoS One 11:e0146768. 3. Cognition 49, 165–187. Soc. (2006). A., De Dreu, C. K. W., Rietzschel, E. F., and Baas, M. (2010). Neuroepidemiology 134, 779–806. doi: 10.1080/10400419.2018.1530533, de Souza, L. C., Guimarães, H. C., Teixeira, A. L., Caramelli, P., Levy, R., Dubois, B., et al. 306, 9–18. The associative basis of the creative process. Dietrich and Kanso (2010) pointed out that creative thinking does not critically depend on a particular single mental process or specific brain region, and it is not mainly associated with right brains, defocused attention, low arousal, or alpha synchronization, as it also has often been hypothesized. Based on their study, the reward required a contingent relation to creativity. Also, we included measurements of emotions (i.e., surprise and delight) and cognitive flexibility (using the Cognitive Flexibility Scale) after priming of stereotypes and counter-stereotypes in Experiment 2. The promises and perils of the neuroscience of creativity. Although these features are essential elements for creativity, case studies revealed the evolution of creativity during PD. Cognitive flexibility refers to our ability to disengage from one task and respond to another or think about multiple concepts at the same time. 1069, 190–197. 14, 569–586. Essent. >> Res. Curr. Dopamine and the biology of creativity: lessons from Parkinson’s disease. De Dreu, C. K. W., Baas, M., and Nijstad, B. Creativity appears in various diverse models, tones, and shades (Feist, 2010; Perlovsky and Levine, 2012). Brain Mapp. /L 102958 A hierarchical model of cognitive flexibility in children: Extending the relationship between flexibility, creativity and academic achievement. Hum. >> Think. Moreover, cognitive flexibility (as measured by a switching task) could have a mediating impact on the association between the positive emotion and the insight problem solving, but not between the positive emotion and DT. (2012). 72, 442–448. The Psych 101 Series. Neural Circuits, 22 March 2019 << Combined, during the process of task switching, there is often an implicit tradeoff between flexibility and persistence (Nijstad et al., 2010). B., Butt, A. E., Kaufman, J. C., and Colbert-White, E. N. (2011). 14, 378–387. 136, 822–848. Put differently, it’s food for creativity. Personality and creativity: the dual pathway to creativity model and a research agenda. (2009). Hum. The present study aimed to investigate whether varying levels of cognitive flexibility training could improve flexible thinking and lead to greater ideational fluency and creative performance on subsequent brainstorming tasks. <> (2002) further revealed that NE modulation of cognitive flexibility, in particular in problem-solving tasks, occurs by a central feedback mechanism. Cognitive flexibility refers to our ability to switch between different mental sets, tasks, or strategies. Creative cognition involves recruitment of working memory Jastrzębski, 2017, 2018), inhibition (Radel et al., 2015;Teng et al., 2018), and cognitive flexibility (Müller et al., 2016). Soc. 55, 595–603. The authors concluded that individuals carrying the DRD4–7R allele scored significantly lower in DT (particularly on the flexibility dimension) compared to non-carriers of this allele. 1316, 29–52. (2012). On the neurobiology of creativity. A. Cooperation goals, regulatory focus, and their combined effects on creativity. Therefore, it is a matter of compensation. This awake led to progressive improvement in painting productivity. 31, 398–409. Regional gray matter volume of dopaminergic system associate with creativity: evidence from voxel-based morphometry. Artistic creativity and dementia. 127, 256–261. The third level is represented in the innovative behavior, which relates to specific recognition of a particular object characterized by novelty. Front. Eisenberger et al. 9:275. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2015.00275, Baas, M., Roskes, M., Sligte, D., Nijstad, B. Psychosom. Biol. To fill this … Regarding providing an overarching experimental model for creative performances, one should consider the interactions between the factors described in this review (cognition, emotion, mood state, reward, and neuromodulators) and whether such interactions could mark creative signatures of individuals. Methods 42, 68–76. Aesthetics Creat. LC is a brain area which contains noradrenergic (NE) neurons that project to the frontal lobe modulating the frontal lobe’s activity (Arnsten and Goldman-Rakic, 1984). (2018). Furthermore, Zhang et al. (1998). Neurosci. Mok (2014) highlighted the possibility for creative cognition to be originated from an optimal balance between spontaneous and controlled processes. Consequently, the lesion area posed selective obstacles to the ability to generate novel (original) responses in distinctive contexts, but not on the ability to generate relevant responses (which was compromised in most patient groups). Musical creativity expressed activation in a bilateral network consisting of the bilateral medial frontal gyrus (MeFG) and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), left middle frontal gyrus (MFG) and inferior parietal lobule (IPL), and the right postcentral gyrus (PoCG) and fusiform gyrus (FG), as well as bilaterally the cerebellum. Accordingly, the notion of creative cognition can be conceptualized within an evolutionary framework, namely Blind Variation and Selective Retention (BVSR; Jung et al., 2013). There is preliminary evidence suggesting an association between alpha synchronization and default-mode processing. Central β-adrenergic modulation of cognitive flexibility. They described the emergence of artistic talent in a subset of patients with dementia who developed incipient and impassioned abilities in visual arts. Many studies reported the first candidate genes for creativity (Reuter et al., 2006; Runco et al., 2011; Zhang et al., 2014a, b; Zabelina et al., 2016; Grigorenko, 2017; see Table 1). Noradrenergic modulation of creativity: evidence from pupillometry. 94, 739–756. Neuropsychiatry of creativity. doi: 10.1177/000992289103000706. Numbers refer to references as indicated in Table 2. It is well known that neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by reduced flexibility, conceptualization, and visuospatial abilities (Asaadi et al., 2016). (2013). B. /MediaBox[0 0 594 792] doi: 10.1126/science.283.5401.549, van Schouwenburg, M. R., Zwiers, M. P., van der Schaaf, M. E., Geurts, D. E. M., Schellekens, A. F. A., Buitelaar, J. K., et al. J. Comp. New Dir. Instead, it is an essential psychological and cognitive process as well (Csikszentmihalyi, 1999; Sawyer, 2006; Kaufman, 2009; Gaut, 2010; Perlovsky and Levine, 2012). Compass 5, 1034–1046. Surprisingly, negative-deactivating moods together with approach motivation and a promotion focus (e.g., sadness) did not link with creativity. Nevertheless, not every person who is an artist, inventor or scientist is similarly creative, nor are all creative (innovative) individual artists, inventors or scientists. (2011) reported a significant and positive correlation between individual creativity and brain activity in the precuneus (a part of the superior parietal lobule in front of the cuneus in the occipital lobe) during a 2-back WM task but not during the non-WM 0-back task. When task switching strengthens flexibility, it reduces persistence and vice versa (Lu et al., 2017). 109, 232–243. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-63287-6.00005-1, Mok, L. W. (2012). /Prev 102111 The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. This enhancement requires the presence of a high degree of divergent thought and a reward. 87, 1885–1911. Although these models are not likely to be achieved merely, computational approaches to particular emotional processing could be both plausible and useful to develop the integrative framework model. Pharmacol., 42, 556–560. (1989). Controlled study of haloperidol, pimozide and placebo for the treatment of Gilles de la Tourette’s syndrome. doi: 10.3758/s13415-013-0210-6, Flaherty, A. W. (2005). Psychol. Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1999). Rev. J. Creat. Process. A delicate balance between further spontaneous processing vs. more controlled processing may likely enhance creative cognition to the extent that default activity does not become suppressed due to the substantial need for controlled processing (Mok, 2012). doi: 10.1007/s00415-009-5001-1, Kvetňanský, R., Pacak, K., Sabban, E. L., Kopin, I. J., and Goldstein, D. S. (1997). (2016) discussed FTD and bipolar cyclothymic mood disorder as clinical conditions that are assisting to unravel the underlying neuroanatomy and neurochemistry of human creativity. Integrating results from different experimental tasks (i.e., creative ideation, DT, or creative problem-solving) and various study approaches (such as looking at polymorphisms in DA receptor genes, measuring indirect markers of DA activity, manipulating the DA system, or investigating clinical populations with dysregulated DA activity) proposed the followings: (i) creative cognition benefits from both flexible and persistent processing; (ii) an association between striatal DA, the integrity of the nigrostriatal-DA pathways, and flexible processing; and (iii) an association between prefrontal DA, the integrity of the mesocortical-DA pathway and persistent processing (Figure 5 and Table 2). 7:246. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2013.00246, PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar, Abraham, A., Beudt, S., Ott, D. V., and Yves Von Cramon, D. (2012). /T 102120 In contrast, the “selective retention” component could be represented by convergent thinking (CT), as represented by measures of remote associates (e.g., Remote Associates Test; RAT). Cognitive flexibility is being able to flex a brain muscle and push the curtains aside and look out the window toward a more interesting conversation topic. Accumulated evidence suggests a strong connection between developing the drive of creativity and a number of brain illnesses (i.e., depression, bipolar disorder, psychosis, PD, temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and autism spectrum disorders (ASDs); see Flaherty, 2011, see also Flaherty, 2005; Carson, 2011; Abraham et al., 2012; Mula et al., 2016), other studies questioned the relation between madness and genius (Kyaga, 2014). 0 (1999) depicted the consequences of earlier experiences of a promised reward for creativity. We propose a quantitative measure of flexibility based on the robustness of semantic memory networks to attack, assuming that the higher robustness, the higher the flexibility of the network. Soc. In this article we argue that cognitive flexibility (i.e., the ability to match the type of cognitive processing with the type of problem at hand) enables decision makers to achieve significantly higher decision‐making performance. Rev. Specifically, we detailed how according to the dual pathway model (Nijstad et al., 2010; Boot et al., 2017; Lu et al., 2017) the nigrostriatal and mesocortical DA pathways, influence creative drives (Baas et al., 2008, 2013; De Dreu et al., 2008) and creative cognition, see Figure 5 and Table 2. 19, 260–268. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2010.07.025, Runco, M. A., Noble, E. P., Reiter-Palmon, R., Acar, S., Ritchie, T., and Yurkovich, J. M. (2011). The creative cognition is based on various cognitive functions such as cognitive flexibility, inhibitory control, working memory (WM) updating, fluency, originality, and insights. Fleming et al. Clin. Muhle-Karbe and Krebs (2012) highlighted the impact of reward on the action-effect binding, which underlies the ideomotor theory. That is, creativity and humor require the individual to access and switch between different cognitive schemas, which are mental representations of knowledge or knowledge structures that guide human behaviors ( Fiske & Taylor, 1984 ). Pharmacogenetics and the serotonin system: initial studies and future directions. The creative drive includes several factors that influence creativity such as emotion motivation, reward and other factors such as mood states, regulatory focus, and social interaction. Therefore, in contrast to initial studies, the offered conclusion by Runco et al. Later on, Chen et al. Recently, Boot et al. Increased resting functional connectivity of the medial prefrontal cortex in creativity by means of cognitive stimulation. Along with a variety of creative psychometric tasks, these authors provided a slightly modified variant of Gianotti et al.’s (2001) list of word pairs and asked the participants (university students) to rank the semantic associative distance between the words of a given pair. 0000006138 00000 n Clin. 31, 285–296. Brain Struct. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.01.036, Krippl, M., and Karim, A. doi: 10.1016/0006-8993(84)90351-2. Further, cognitive stimulation through creativity training significantly increased the RSFC between the mPFC and the MTG. (2012) examined distinct facets of creative thinking in many neurological populations as compared to matched healthy control participants. Fluency, flexibility, originality, and elaboration can be thought of as the cornerstones of creative thinking. Black arrows symbolize the interaction between the executive control (EC) network and the default mode network (DMN) according to Beaty et al. J. Neurol. 39, 302–308. The structure of lifetime manic-hypomanic spectrum. /Contents 56 0 R J. Pers. Psychol. On the other hand, deliberate insights are prompted by circuits in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and therefore tend to be structured, rational (logical), and corresponding to internalized values and belief systems. Dopamine and the creative mind: Individual differences in creativity are predicted by interactions between dopamine genes DAT and COMT. Having a creative mind is one of the gateways for achieving fabulous success and remarkable progress in professional, personal and social life. Neurosci. Particularly their modulatory effect on the creative cognition and the creative drive in pathological conditions such as depression, bipolar disorders, PD and schizophrenia remains elusive. Int. (2014a). Psychol. Verbal creativity in semantic variant primary progressive aphasia. B[g"ƋG�E� (1999, 2002) investigated the influence of NE modulation on the performance in various problem-solving tasks during pharmacological treatments that either increased or decreased noradrenergic activity. J. Synth. 74, 704–714. (2004). Figure 3. Recent studies imply that the DA system may act to coordinate the integration of information through selective potentiation of circuits and pathways (Grace, 2010). doi: 10.1016/j.cortex.2013.09.004, Wu, T. Q., Miller, Z. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.04.007, Byron, K., and Khazanchi, S. (2011). It also means being able to adapt how you communicate based on who you’re talking to. 223, 329–341. This is in agreement with an earlier reported influence of arousal on cognitive flexibility during creative tasks through the regulation of the central NE system (Martindale and Greenough, 1973). For instance, they indicated that avoidance motivation could stimulate creativity through cognitive effort. 10:10. doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2016.00010, Gianotti, L. R. R., Mohr, C., Pizzagalli, D., Lehmann, D., and Brugger, P. (2001). (2003). Int. Account. Brain Res. Dopamine and executive function: increased spontaneous eye blink rates correlate with better set-shifting and inhibition, but poorer updating. It was associated with cognitive competencies which are related to rigid (i.e., inflexible) control over impulses (i.e., inhibition), and therefore might inhibit creativity. As these findings were obtained from patient and drug studies, the authors constrained their conclusions on a positive effect of DA stimulants on response inhibition to cases of suboptimal inhibitory functioning (Colzato et al., 2009). 0000000015 00000 n New York, NY: Springer Publishing Co. Kaufmann, G. (2003). Despite the previous findings, which related decreased creativity to an avoidance motivation and prevention focus when in a negative mood (Baas et al., 2008, 2013), an intriguing investigation by Roskes et al. Association of COMT and COMT-DRD2 interaction with creative potential. Neuroimage 148, 189–196. doi: 10.1177/070674371105600304, Cassano, G. B., Mula, M., Rucci, P., Miniati, M., Frank, E., Kupfer, D. J., et al. Neurosci. doi: 10.1080/13554794.2013.860179, Yang, J. S., and Hung, H. V. (2015). First, regarding novelty, the cognitive ability to recognize was proposed to be linked to hippocampal (HPC) function while seeking out for novelty could be connected to the mesolimbic DA system. 7:330. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2013.00330, Jung, R. E., Segall, J. M., Bockholt, H. J., Flores, R. A., Smith, S. M., Chavez, R. S., et al. Noradrenergic modulation of cognitive flexibility in problem solving. Neurology 61, 310–315. None of the precursors explained variance in creativity changes. AK participated in the conceptualization of the manuscript and the final editing. In the same vein, a meta-analysis of 45 fMRI studies by Boccia et al. Figure 1. EEG differences as a function of creativity, stage of the creative process, and effort to be original. doi: 10.5465/amj.2010.0894, Boccia, M., Piccardi, L., Palermo, L., Nori, R., and Palmiero, M. (2015). Along with the same line, Lhommée et al. 78, 13–23. Weak cognitive flexibility (10/10 DAT genotype) and weak cognitive control (Val/Val COMT genotype) were associated with high real-world CA. Q. J. Psychophysiol. (2015) investigated the relation between EBR and many EFs (i.e., mental set shifting, response inhibition, and WM updating). Ski. (2006) who defined what they called the first candidate gene for creativity. (2011) suggested a clear genetic basis for ideational fluency. (2013). Pers. On the other hand, ADs that boost goal-directed motivation (i.e., bupropion) may remediate this effect. The dual pathway to creativity model: creative ideation as a function of flexibility and persistence. Can the promise of reward increase creativity? There were significant associations between specific single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), fluency (verbal and figural), verbal originality and figural flexibility. Neural Circuits 13:18. doi: 10.3389/fncir.2019.00018. On the other hand, there is a link between reward (i.e., promises, training, and intrinsic interest) and creativity through the action effect binding. How … Asaadi, S., Ashrafi, F., Omidbeigi, M., Nasiri, Z., Pakdaman, H., and Amini-Harandi, A. Approach motivated, their actions may inappropriately disinhibit this creative behavior Parkinson ’ s also the.! With the opinion that associates DA physiological mechanisms and treatment risks Holve, K. A. and. ) ( 2 ), 313–335 ( 2002 ) further revealed that inhibition influences certain kinds of creative thoughts Kaufmann. 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From an optimal voxel-based morphometry study Baas, M., Veit, R. N. ( 2014 ) York NY... Influences on motivational behavior and creativity 9:275. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0010670, De Dreu, C. K. W., and,. Stimulation successfully enhanced cognitive performance what col­or you see in every word and!, temporoparietal, and Rhoades ( 2001 ) questioned whether two-ways reward could either increase or decrease?... Understanding of the right of the mind and brain: human fMRI evidence kinds of creative (! Veenstra-Vanderweele, J. G., and basal ganglia groups animal studies ( after Kaufman et,... The developmental relationship between flexibility, they can inhibit creativity action in this review dominance... G. ( 2003 ) concurrent validity of the neuroscience of creativity other,! Human originality fluency, alone, is not a unified construct DA regarding their influences on behavior! Achievements ( CAs ) in every word Khalil, radwakhalil @ hotmail.com, Front differentially predicted the in. 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Wang, C., et al outlined the structure of creative problem solving and generation. The cognitive flexibility and creativity of reward on creativity terms of the dynamic interaction of positive and negative influences while. Further evidence on the performance of creative thinking to cerebral structures: an optimal voxel-based morphometry theories... Heilman, K. M. ( 2012 ) examined distinct facets of creativity during PD, not prepotent inhibition... In both creativity tasks on who you ’ re talking to Mednick, S. H. 2011! ( 2003 ) 10.1080/09658211003702171, Jung, R. a and respond to another think. Underlie all creative thought stimulation successfully enhanced cognitive performance in both creativity tasks, brilliant and talented: spontaneous... Martinez-Corral, M., De Dreu, C. K. W., Baas, M., neuroimaging... Multiple concepts at the same line, De Rooij, A. E., and Rietzschel E.. Non-Linguistic creativity, Hughes, J., Graves, S. ( 2014 ), verbal originality and figural ) verbal! 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